ENERGY TRANSITIONS

Mozambique is rich in energy resources including gas, coal and hydropower. It also has significant potential for solar and wind power with the solar energy sector in particular beginning to gain momentum in recent years. Yet less than 50% of the population have access to electricity with large disparities between urban and rural locations and varying degrees in the quality and reliability of supply.

The energy sector is a core component of the country's economy and significant investments are being made to develop the sector. Mozambique has also set the target of achieving universal energy access "Energia para Todos" by 2030 as part of the global effort to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 7). CPGD's research considers the political-economy factors affecting the development of the energy sector in the context of energy poverty, climate change and global energy transitions.

Projects

Mainstreaming Gender Equality and Social Inclusion for a Just Energy Transition in Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania (JustGESI)
Community energy and sustainable energy transitions in Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique (CESET)
A political-economic analysis of electricity grid access histories and futures in Mozambique (POLARIZE)

Publications

Financial value regime alignment and Mozambique’s heterogeneous energy landscape

Baptista, I., Howe, L. & Shenga, C. (2025). Sustainability Science.

Regulating Community Energy at the National Level Comparing Ethiopia, Malawi and Mozambique

Shenga, C., Howe, L., Baptista, I., Bekele, G., Chitawo, M.L. (2024). Book Chapter in: Castán Broto, V. (eds) Community Energy and Sustainable Energy

Transitions. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

Bringing Policy to Light: Implementation Challenges for Mozambique’s Off-Grid Policy Regulation

Howe, L., Shenga, C., Cuvilas, C.A. (2024). Book Chapter in: Castán Broto, V. (eds) Community Energy and Sustainable Energy Transitions. Palgrave

Macmillan, Cham.

Electricity Access and Voting Behaviour in the Mozambique Context,

Shenga, C., Cotton, M., Howe, L., Kirshner, J., and Macome A. (2024). CPGD Working Paper 13

Development transitions for fossil fuel-producing low and lower–middle income countries in a carbon-constrained world

Foster, V., Trotter,P.A., Werner, S. et al. (2024). Nature Energy.

A norm regulating the implementation of gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) in Mozambique's energy sector

Arthur, F., de Sousa, C., Castán Broto, V., Howe, L. et al. (2023), CESET White Paper.

Oportunidades para Absorver Projectos Comunitários Energéticos

Shenga, C. and Howe, L. (2023), CPGD Policy Brief 6.

Mozambique’s off-grid energy regulation: opportunities and challenges for the uptake of community energy projects

Howe, L., and Shenga, C. (2023). CESET report.

Africa needs context-relevant evidence to shape its clean energy future

Mulugetta, Y., Sokona, Y., Trotter, P.A. et al. (2022), Nature Energy.

Delivering an off-grid transition to sustainable energy in Ethiopia and Mozambique

Gebreslassie., M. G., et al. (2022). Energy, Sustainability and Society, Volume 12, Article 23.

The dynamics of urban household energy poverty and energy transition in Mozambique

Shenga, C., Cotton, M., Kirshner, J., and Howe, L. (2022). People, Place and Policy, Volume 16, Issue 1, p. 53-72.

Electricity access in Mozambique: A critical policy analysis of investment, service reliability and social sustainability

Salite, D., Kirshner, J., Cotton, M., Howe, L., Cuamba, B., Feijó, J., and Macome, A. (2021). Energy Research & Social Science, Volume 78.

Electricity Provision and Elections in Mozambique

Shenga, C. (2016), CPGD Working Paper 6.